END NOTES

[1] An acronym list/glossary can be found in TAB A.

[2] Information obtained from lead sheets listed in TAB B.

[3] Additional details and citations referencing the significant findings of this incident can be found in the Anniston Army Depot discussion in TAB F.

[4] Symptoms reported at Camp Robinson were the result of existing conditions within the workplace and not attributed to handling retrograded materials. Analysis of samples taken from suspect equipment were negative for potential chemical and biological contaminants.

[5] While the table in TAB C does not reflect all of the information obtained during the course of the veteran interviews, it references the lead sheets where the additional information can be found and provides insight into the veteran's concerns about his or her possible exposure during retrograde activities.

[6] TAB D contains the list of questions asked during the interviews.

[7] Message from US Commander in Chief Central Command, Base Communications Center 390 COSQ/DONA, to various commands and organizations, Subject: USCENTCOM LOGISTICS PLANNING GUIDANCE FOR REDEPLOYMENT, March 23, 1991. Pg. 8.

[8] Lead Sheet 12118, Interview with the Command Sergeant Major, 1103rd Transportation Battalion, September 23, 1998.

[9] A number of the interviews conducted with veterans supported this finding; Lead Sheet Nos. 12857 (KKMC); 20360 (KKMC); 21810 (Jubayl); 20169 (Jubayl); 15685 (Jubayl); and 8392 (Dhahran) may be considered representative of the total.

[10] A number of the interviews conducted with veterans supported this finding; Lead Sheet Nos. 10458 (KKMC); 19143 (Dhahran); 19334 (Ad Dammam, Dhahran, and Camp Doha); and 19349 (Hafir Al Batin) may be considered representative of the total.

[11] Lead Sheet 12118, Interview with the Command Sergeant Major, 1103rd Transportation Battalion, September 23, 1998.

[12] Lead Sheet 19143, Interview of Operations Officer for the 593rd Area Support Group, September 21, 1998.

[13] Lead Sheet 19585, Interview of Officer in Charge of Preventive Medicine, November 4, 1998.

[14] Lead Sheet 20268, Interview of Officer in Charge of washdown operations, November 23, 1999.

[15] Returning equipment was sampled for contaminants at USMC Logistics Base - Albany; US Naval Air Station - Alameda; Anniston Army Depot; and Camp Robinson. Analytical results were negative for chemical and biological agents. See TABS E and F for discussions on the respective sampling events and documentation of results.

[16] Brown, Ronald J., "Humanitarian Operations in Northern Iraq, 1991, WITH MARINES IN OPERATION PROVIDE COMFORT," History and Museums Division, Headquarters, US Marine Corps, 1995.

[17] Value derived from data collected during veteran interviews.

[18] Pagonis, W.P. and J.L. Cruikshank, Moving Mountains: Lessons in Leadership and Logistics from the Gulf War, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., 1992, p. 157.

[19] Value derived from data collected during veteran interviews and represents an average of the cleaning times reported.

[20] (2.5 persons/vehicle)x(2,000 vehicles/day)x(120 days)/(30 days/person) = 20,000 persons.

[21] This does not represent a random sample of military personnel who handled retrograde equipment. It represents the total number of veterans who called into the DoD Incident Reporting Line and who indicated that they processed or were otherwise involved in handling retrograde materials. Each was asked a series of questions (see TAB D) related to their retrograde equipment activities. A summary of the individual responses can be found in TAB C.

[22] Reports of unclean or dirty equipment returning from Operation Desert Shield/Storm were received from a number of civilian employees working at DoD facilities in the US. Lead Sheet Nos. 21098 (Alameda Naval Air Station); 19441 (Camp Robinson); 10222 (Fort Bragg); and 25993 (MCLB, Albany, Ga) may be considered representative of the total.

[23] "Clustering of symptoms" signifies a grouping of individuals with common symptoms at a unique location. It aids in the identification of potential 'hot spots' where investigators may focus their attention.

[24] US Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, "Technical Information Memorandum No. 31 - Contingency Retrograde Washdowns: Cleaning and Inspection Procedures," December 1993.

[25] Lead Sheet 26011, Interview with the OIC of Ground Support Management, USMC Blount Island, April 13, 1999.

[26] Lead Sheet Nos. 21517 (Jubayl); 21758 (Jubayl); and 19255 (Dhahran).

[27] Lead Sheet Nos. 17824 (KKMC); 15685 (Jubayl); 18522 (Dhahran); 23956 (Dhahran); 19349 (Hafir Al Batin); and 10458 (KKMC).

[28] Message from Department of the Army to Commander in Charge of US Army Forces Command, Subject: Safety Alert Decontamination Solution 2, February 21, 1991.

[29] Material Safety Data Sheet, "Decontaminating Agent, STB - Super Tropical Bleach", MSDS Serial No. BPFWX, Defense General Supply Center, Richmond, Virginia, November 4, 1992.

[30] Details surrounding this incident are presented in TAB F. Documentation relating to sampling results is also presented.

[31] US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "Toxicological Profile for Chromium", April 1993, pgs. 87-88.

[32]   Lead Sheet 881, Interviews with civilian doctor and maintenance shop worker, July 23, 1996. 

[33] Lead Sheets 19440, 19441, 19442, 19446, 19471, 19473, and 19513, interviews with civilian mechanics and shop workers, October 1998.

[34] Lead Sheet 19435, Interview with lab chemist, October 14, 1998.

[35] TAB E contains information and details associated with site visits to equipment manufacturers.

[36] US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "Toxicological Profile for Chromium", April 1993, pgs. 87-88.

[37] Lead Sheet 19435, Interview with lab chemist, October 14, 1998.

[38] US Army, Anniston Army Depot memorandum, Subject: "Filters from M1 Series Tanks Returned from Operation Desert Storm," February 22, 1994.

[39] Lead Sheet 16418, Interview with contractor responsible for unloading fleet hospital ships, May 8, 1998.

[40] Letter from the Honorable Ronald V. Dellums, US House of Representatives, to Commanding Officer, Fleet Hospital Support Office, Department of the Navy, Subject: Request for information on medical problems experienced by DYNCORP employees, December 18, 1997.

[41] Letter from Deputy Assistant Chief for Operation Medicine and Fleet Support, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, to Senior Staff Assistant to the Honorable Ronald V. Dellums, US House of Representatives, Subject: Medical problems experienced by DYNCORP employees, February 20, 1998.

[42] Letter from Medical Physician, Ear, Nose and Throat Associates of Gadsden, P.A. Gadsden, Alabama, to Commanding Officer, Anniston Army Depot, Subject: Request for analysis of CBR filters, October 19, 1993.

[43] Letter from Medical Physician, Ear, Nose and Throat Associates of Gadsden, P.A. Gadsden, Alabama, to Senator Richard Shelby, US Senate, Subject: Request for analysis of CBR filters, November 4, 1993.

[44] Letter from Senator Richard Shelby, US Senator, to Chief of Legislative Liaison, Department of the Army, Subject: Request for information regarding medical problems and CBR filter testing at Anniston Army Depot, November 22, 1993.

[45] Memorandum from Director, Professional Services, Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, to HQDA, Subject: "Congressional Inquiry Re Medical Issues," December 21, 1993.

[46] Memorandum from Safety Director, Anniston Army Depot, Anniston, Alabama, to Commander, US Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical Command and Commander, US Army Material Command, Subject: "Filters from M1 Series Tanks Returned from Operation Desert Storm," February 22, 1994.

[47] Memorandum from Command Surgeon, US Army Materiel Command to Commander, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Subject: "Claims of Gulf War Syndrome from AMC Depot Employees Maintaining Material Returned from the Persian Gulf Theatre," May 4, 1994.

[48] Letter (draft) from the Office of the Surgeon General, to Senator Richard Shelby, US Senate, Subject: Response to request for information regarding medical issues and filter testing at AAD, (no date).

[49] Memorandum from Director, Persian Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses Investigation Team, to US Army Medical Research and Material Command, Fort Detrick, Subject: "Request for Information," December 17, 1995.

[50] Memorandum from Commander, US Army Medical Materiel Development Activity, Fort Detrick, to Director, Persian Gulf War Veterans Illnesses Investigation Team, Subject: "Request for Information," February 22, 1996.

[51] Memorandum from Persian Gulf Veterans Illnesses Investigation Team, to US Army Medical research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Diagnostic Systems Division, Subject: "Sand Samples relating to Gulf War Illnesses," August 19, 1996.

[52] Memorandum from Chief, Diagnostic Systems Division, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, to Director, Health Services, US Army Engineer Center and Fort Leonard Wood, Fort Leonard Wood, Subject: "Request for Biological, Chemical Analysis," October 31, 1996.


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