[1] Tab A contains acronyms, abbreviations, and a glossary.
[2] Lead Sheet #5655, Follow-up interview of Marine NBC specialist (the corporal), August 4 and 19, 1997, p. 1, 2. Note: The corporal, who has since been promoted, continues to serve on active duty. Interviews and statements frequently contain his rank at the time of the injury.
[3] Lead Sheet #577, Incident reported in "Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990-1991: With the 2d Marine Division in Desert Shield and Desert Storm," March 5, 1996, p. 8, 13, 14.
[4] Lead Sheet #14021, Interview of US Marine master sergeant, December 31, 1997, p. 12.
[5] Lead Sheet #14993, Interview of US Marine NBC master gunnery sergeant, February 11, 1998, p. 1.
[6] Testimony of US Marine staff sergeant to the Presidential Advisory Committee, Charleston, SC, May 7, 1997, p. 141.
[7] Excerpt from the corporal's personnel record (used with his permission).
[8] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 12-14.
[9] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "The Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[10] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 26.
[11] Statement of Fox vehicle commander, I Marine Expeditionary Force, Subject: "Injury to Marine in Saudi Arabia," February 23, 1998, p. 2. Note: the ground War began February 24, 1991.
[12] Quilter, Charles J. II, "US Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990-91: With the I Marine Expeditionary Force in Desert Shield and Desert Storm," 1993, p. 43.
[13] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 143.
[14] Lead Sheet 25512, Interview of former 2d FSSG operations officer for rear area security, December 3, 1999.
[15] Lead Sheet 24876, Interview of former 2d FSSG NBC officer, September 20, 1999.
[16] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 66-67, 75-76.
[17] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 50, 55, 104. Much of the information, which follows from this transcript, are recollections of the corporal and his Fox vehicle commander.
[18] "Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Persian Gulf War Health Effects," June 1994, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/dsbrpt/warfare (as of June 28, 1999).
[19] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, p. 3, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[20] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 171.
[21] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 104.
[22] US Army Material Safety Data Sheet on Decontaminating Solution Number 2, June 30, 1995, p. 1.
[23] Lead Sheet #18610, electronic mail correspondence from US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, August 18, 1998 entry, p. 3-4.
[24] Lead Sheet #5655, Follow-up interview of US Marine NBC specialist (the corporal), August 5, 1997, p. 3.
[25] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 103.
[26] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 91-93.
[27] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 96-99.
[28] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 110-112.
[29] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), p. 7-8, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc.
[30] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 114.
[31] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 38. Note: UN weapons inspectors found no lewisite in the Iraqi inventory after the Gulf War.
[32] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 14.
[33] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 30.
[34] Textbook of Military Medicine, Part I, "Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty, Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare," US Army Surgeon General, May 1997, p. 219.
[35] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 112-114.
[36] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 88, 118.
[37] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 38, 39.
[38] US Joint Staff message, Subject: "Inspection of Chemical Warfare Facilities," October 3, 1991, p. 3.
[39] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 38.
[40] Lead Sheet #5655, Follow-up interview of Marine NBC specialist (the corporal), June 7, 1999, p. 6.
[41] Lead Sheet #22292, Interview of former senior medical officer, 2d Medical Battalion, Gulf Company, March 24, 1999.
[42] Lead Sheet #5655, Follow-up interview of Marine NBC specialist (the corporal), March 3, 1998, p. 4.
[43] Lead Sheet #15188, Interview of I MEF NBC officer, February 25, 1998, p. 2.
[44] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 134-135.
[45] Lead Sheet #5655, Follow-up interview of Marine NBC specialist (the corporal), June 7, 1999, p. 6.
[46] Lead Sheet #25744, Interview of the corporal, January 19, 2000, p. 3.
[47] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 129, 132, 133, 136.
[48] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 119.
[49] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 130.
[50] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 184-185.
[51] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 175.
[52] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 130.
[53] Lead Sheet #5655, Follow-up interview of Marine NBC specialist (the corporal), August 18, 1997, p. 2.
[54] Lead Sheet #25744, Interview of the corporal, January 19, 2000, p. 3.
[55] US Army Field Manual 3-5, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-10, "NBC Decontamination," November 17, 1993, p. 2-1.
[56] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses electronic mail correspondence, Subject: "Response to Request for Information," June 2, 1999.
[57] Lead Sheet #25798, Interview of Defense Intelligence Agency biochemist, January 25, 2000.
[58] Lead Sheet #25744, Interview of the corporal, January 19, 2000.
[59] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses electronic mail correspondence, Subject: "Response to Request for Information," June 2, 1999.
[60] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 131, 132, 137.
[61] Statement by Division Manager, Scientific Applications International Corporation, Subject: "Follow-up to the Gulf War Illness Interview with the Corporal on 6 November 1997," June 14, 1998, p. 1.
[62] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 140-141.
[63] Excerpt of the corporal's medical record (used with his permission), entry dated March 15, 1991.
[64] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 173-174.
[65] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 30.
[66] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p.158-161.
[67] Excerpt of the corporal's medical record (used with his permission), entry dated March 15, 1991.
[68] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 163-164.
[69] Statement of Navy nurse who treated the corporal, February 3, 1998.
[70] Lead Sheet #22556, Interview of US Navy corpsman, 2d Medical Battalion, April 2, 1999, p. 1.
[71] Excerpt of the corporal's medical record (used with his permission), entry dated March 15, 1991.
[72] Lead Sheet #22556, Interview of US Navy corpsman, 2d Medical Battalion, April 2, 1999, p. 2.
[73] Lead Sheet #6196, Interview of US Navy registered nurse, September 29, 1997.
[74] Excerpt of the corporal's medical record (used with his permission), entry dated March 18, 1991. Note: investigators could not determine for what the blister fluid culture was tested. The nurse made no additional notations in the record about the culture.
[75] Lead Sheet #6350, Interview of former 2d Medical Battalion physicians assistant, October 7, 1997, p. 2.
[76] Transcript of interview of US Navy nurse, April 14, 1998, p. 5, 6.
[77] Lead Report #26244, Statements of staff physician, Office of the Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, March 1, 2000, p. 1.
[78] Excerpt of the corporal's medical record (used with his permission), entry dated March 22, 1991.
[79] Excerpt of the corporal's medical record (used with his permission), entry dated March 23, 1991.
[80] Lead Sheet #6450, Interview of US Navy physician (assistant I MEF surgeon), February 17, 1998, p. 2.
[81] Excerpt of the corporal's medical record (used with his permission), entry dated May 6, 1991.
[82] Lead Report #26290, Interview of US Navy physician, March 8, 2000.
[83] Excerpt of the corporal's medical record (used with his permission), entry dated May 21, 1991.
[84] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 183, 189.
[85] Lead Sheet #5655, Follow-up interview of Marine NBC specialist (the corporal), November 7, 1997, p. 3.
[86] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 114.
[87] Statement of chemical warfare casualty treatment expert, December 15, 1997.
[88] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8, 1999, p. 119, 174.
[89] Statement of chemical warfare casualty treatment expert , December 15, 1998, p. 1, 2.
[90] Statement by Division Manager, Scientific Applications International Corporation, Subject: "Follow-up to the Gulf War Illness Interview with the Corporal on 6 November 1997," June 14, 1998, p. 2.
[91] Statement of US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense dermatologist, May 27, 1998.
[92] Lead Sheet #16796, Interview of Bethesda Naval Hospital dermatologist, May 22, 1998.
[93] Letter from dermatologist, June 11, 1998, p. 2.
[94] Lead Sheet #25640, Impressions of dermatologist's assessment, January 3, 2000.
[95] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses electronic mail correspondence, Subject: "Response to Request for Information," June 2, 1999.
[96] Lead Sheet 25798, Interview of Defense Intelligence Agency biochemist, February 16, 2000, p. 2.
[97] Textbook of Military Medicine, Part I, "Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty, Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare," US Army Surgeon General, May 1997, p. 219.
[98] Lead Sheet #5655, Follow-up interview of Marine NBC specialist (the corporal), August 13, 1997, p. 2.
[99] Statement of chemical warfare agent casualty treatment expert, December 15, 1997, p. 2.
[100] US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy Medical Publication P-5041, US Air Force Joint Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11, "Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties And Conventional Military Chemical Injuries, Glossary, Section II. Definitions And Terms," December 22, 1995, p. 4-2.
[101] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8,1999, p. 114.
[102] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 38, 39.
[103] US Joint Staff message, Subject: "Inspection of Chemical Warfare Facilities," October 3, 1991, p. 3.
[104] Transcript of interview of the corporal and Fox vehicle commander, April 8,1999, p. 134.
[105] Lead Sheet #25744, Interview of the corporal, January 19, 2000, p. 3.
[106] Statement of chemical warfare agent casualty treatment expert, December 15, 1997, p. 2.
[107] Statement by Division Manager, Scientific Applications International Corporation, Subject: "Follow-up to the Gulf War Illness Interview with the Corporal on 6 November 1997," June 14, 1998, p. 2.
[108] Statement of US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense dermatologist, May 27, 1998.
[109] Lead Sheet #16796, Interview of Bethesda Naval Hospital dermatologist, May 22, 1998.
[110] Letter from dermatologist, June 11, 1998, p. 2.
[111] Lead Sheet #25640, Impressions of dermatologist's assessment, January 3, 2000.
[112] Lead Sheet #25798 Interview of Defense Intelligence Agency biochemist, February 18, 2000, p. 2.
[113] Secretary of the Navy Instruction 5212.5D, "Navy and Marine Corps Records Disposition Manual," April 22, 1998.
[114] US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy Medical Publication P-5041, US Air Force Joint Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11, "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries," Glossary, Section II, "Definitions and Terms," December 22, 1995, p. 5.
[115] US Army Material Safety Data Sheet for HQ Mustard, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, June 30, 1995.
[116] US Army Material Safety Data Sheet, "Chemical Agent Monitor (CAM), December 2, 1999.
[117] US Army Field Manual 8-285, US Navy Medical Publication P-5041, US Air Force Joint Manual 44-149, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11, "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries, Glossary, Section II, Definitions and Terms," December 22, 1995, p. 6, web site www.nbc-med.org/SiteContent/MedRef/OnlineRef/FieldManuals/fm8_285/PART_I/index.htm (as of June 25, 1999).
[118] WWWebster Dictionary, copyright 1999, Merriam Webster, Incorporated.
[119] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 30.
[120] US Army Material Safety Data Sheet on HQ Mustard, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, June 30, 1995.
[121] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 39.
[122] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 38.
[123] DOD Dictionary of Military Terms, web site www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict (as of October 21, 1999).
[124] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/; "MM-1 User Manual," Bruker-Franzen Analytik GMBH, Chapter 2, copyright 1987.
[125] US Army Field Manual 3-3, US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-17, "Chemical and Biological Contamination Avoidance," Change 1, September 29, 1994, Chapter 2, p. 2-1 - 2-4.
[126] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, p. 5, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[127] US Army Field Manual 3-9, US Navy Publication P-467, US Air Force Manual 355-7, "Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds," December 12, 1990, p. 112.
[128] "Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction," April 29, 1997. This chemical weapons convention was opened for signature in Paris, France, on January 13, 1993. It has been signed by 165 States and ratified or acceded by 106 States (as of February 1998). It was signed by the U.S. on Jan 13, 1993 and ratified on April 25, 1997. Part XI of the Convention, "Investigations in Cases of Alleged Use of Chemical Weapons," details some of the procedures. Other protocols and guidelines were found in Methodology and Instrumentation for Sampling and Analysis in the Verification of Chemical Disarmament, The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, 1985; Verification Methods, Handling, and Assessment Of Unusual Events In Relation To Allegations of the Use of Novel Chemical Warfare Agents, Consultant University of Saskatchewan in conjunction with the Verification Research Unit of External Affairs and International Trade Canada, March 1990; and Handbook for the Investigation Of Allegations of the Use of Chemical or Biological Weapons, Department of External Affairs, Department of National Defense, Health and Welfare Canada, and Agriculture Canada, November 1985. US Army Field Manual 3-4/US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-9, "NBC Protection," May 1992; US Army Field Manual 8-285/ US Navy NAVMED P-5041/US Air Force Manual 44-149/ US Marine Corps Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11 (adopted as NATO Field Manual 8-285), "Treatment Of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries," December 25, 1995; US Army Field Manual 19-20, "Law Enforcement Investigations," November 25, 1985; and other DoD investigational procedures contributed ideas for developing this methodology.
[129] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[130] Lead Sheet #19846, Interview of Marine NBC Defense specialist, October 29, 1998.
[131] US Army Field Manual 3-101, "Chemical Staffs and Units," November 19, 1993, p. A-III-3.
[132] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, p. 3-5, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[133] Lead Sheet #23181, meeting with Fox subject matter experts, May 6, 1999, p. 4.
[134] Lead Sheet #23181, meeting with Fox subject matter experts, May 6, 1999, p. 1.
[135] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, p. 8, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[136] US Army Technical Manual 3-6665-342-10, "Operators Manual, Nuclear-Biological-Chemical Reconnaissance System (NBCRS) Fox XM93," Washington, DC, Change 2, April 21, 1995, chapter 1, p. 34.
[137] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, p. 8, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[138] Testimony of Fox subject matter expert, Mr. Richard Vigus, before the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veteran's Illnesses, May 7, 1997.
[139] US Army Field Manual 3-101-2, "NBC Reconnaissance Squad/Platoon (FOX) Operations - Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures," August 10, 1994, p. 5-2, 5-3.
[140] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, Tab C, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[141] US Army Field Manual 3-101-2, "NBC Reconnaissance Squad/Platoon (FOX) Operations - Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures," August 10, 1994, p. 5-2, 5-3.
[142] Lead Sheet #23181, meeting with Fox subject matter experts, May 6, 1999, p. 2.
[143] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, p. 9, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/.
[144] Lead Sheet #23181, meeting with Fox subject matter experts, May 6, 1999 p. 4.
[145] Lead Sheet #23181, meeting with Fox subject matter experts, May 6, 1999, p. 4.
[146] Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses, "Fox NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle" (Information Paper), July 31, 1997, p. 15, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/foxnbc/ (as of July 2, 1999).
[147] Facsimile from program manager, NBC Defense Systems, Subject: "Interferents," December 7, 1998.
[148] Lead Sheet #25798, Interview of Defense Intelligence Agency biochemist, January 25, 2000.
[149] "Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Persian Gulf War Health Effects," June 1994, web site www.gulflink.health.mil/dsbrpt/warfare (as of June 28, 1999).
[150] Lead Sheet #764, Interview of Fox expert, CBDCOM, May 28, 1996, p. 1-2. The Fox expert works at the NBC Reconnaissance Systems, US Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command (now known as the US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM), Edgewood, Maryland. The air volume drawn through the sampling tube is approximately 300 times LESS than in other detectors, such as the M43A1 designed specifically for vapor detection.
[151] US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command electronic mail message, Subject: "Re: Request for information, M258 and M258A1," June 22, 1999, @1008, p. 1.
[152] Photo provided by US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, Edgewood, MD, 1999.
[153] US Army Technical Manual 43-0001-26-1, "Army Equipment Data Sheets, Chemical Defense Equipment, Decontaminating Kit, Skin: M258A1," May 12, 1982, p. Change 4 4-11.
[154] US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, "Demilitarization Procedures for the M258 Skin Decontamination Kit, M258A1 Skin Decontamination Kit and M280 Decontamination Kit," Edgewood, Maryland, July 1997, p. 2.
[155] US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command electronic mail correspondence, Subject: "Re: Request for information, M258 and M258A1," June 22, 1999.
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