OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASE


Acute schistosomiasis with transverse myelitis in American students returning from Kenya. MMWR. 1984;33:445-447.

Al-Awadi AR, Al-Kazemi N, Ezzat G, et al. Murine typhus in Kuwait in 1978. Bull World Health Organ. 1982;60:283-289.

Al-Bustan M. Infectious and parasitic disease mortality in Kuwait and the role of health education. Community Med. 1988;10:197-202.

Al-Madani AA. Control of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia. A multidisciplinary approach. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1989;19(suppl):879-886.

Al-Madani R. Paratyphoid outbreak in children. Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society. 1989;1:60-63.

Al-Mofleh IA, Al-Aska AKI, Al-Nozha MM. Fever of unknown origin: experience in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine. 1990;10:620-625.

Al-Nakib W, Llovd G. El-Mekki A, Plan G, Beeson A, Southee T. Preliminary report on arbovirus-antibody prevalence among patients in Kuwait: evidence of Congo/Crimean virus infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1984;78:474-476.

Al-Orainey IO, Saeed ES, el-Kassimi FA, al-Shareef N. Resistance to antituberculosis drugs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Tubercle. 1989;70:207-210.

Al-Rawi TI, Thewaini AJ, Shawket AR, Ahmed GM. Skeletal brucellosis in Iraqi patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 1989;48:77-79.

Al-Tikriti SK, Al-Ani F, Jurji FJ, et al. Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq. Bull World Health Organ. 1981;59:85-90

Al-Tikriti SK, Hassan FK, Moslih IM, Jurji F, Mahmud Ml, Tantawi HH. Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq: a seroepidemiological survey. J Trop Med Hyg. 1981;84:117-120.

Arfaa F. Studies on schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1976;25:295-298.

Arrighi HM. Brucellosis surveillance in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province. Annals of Saudi Medicine. 1986;6(suppl):5-10.

Ashi J, Arfaa F, Jeffri M, Suwairy M. Progress achieved in the control of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia. J Trop Med Hyg. 1989;92:27-31.

Bahar RH, Al-Suhaili AR, Mousa AM, Nawaz MK, Kaddah N, Abdel-Dayem HM. Brucellosis: appearance on skeletal imaging. Clin Nucl Med. 1988;13:102-106.

Bahmanyar M. Human plague episode in the district of Khawlan, Yemen. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1972;21:123-128.

Baker MS, Strunk HK. Medical aspects of Persian Gulf operations: environmental hazards. Mil Med. 1991;156(8):381-385.

Baker MS, Strunk HK. Medical aspects of Gulf operations: serious infectious and communicable diseases of the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabian Peninsula. Mil Med. 1991;156(8):385-390.

Bartelloni PJ, Tesh RB. Clinical and serologic responses of volunteers infected with phlebotomus fever virus (Sicilian type). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1976;25:456-462.

Berman JD. Chemotherapy for leishmaniasis: biochemical mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and future strategies. Rev Infect Dis. 1988;10:560-586.

Botros BAM, Watts DM, Soliman AK, et al. Serologic evidence of dengue fever among refugees, Hargeyeasa, Somalia. J Med Virol. 1989;29:79-81.

Burney Ml, Ghafoor A, Saleen M, Webb PA, Casals J. Nosocomial outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo virus in Pakistan, January 1976. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1980;29:941-947.

Carver LA, Flanigan SJ, Connallon PF, Crossley-Miller MK. Epstein-Barr virus infection in Desert Storm reservists. Mil Med. 1994;159:580-582.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dengue fever in US military personnel - Republic of the Phillipines. MMWR. 1985;34:495-496, 501-502.

Christie AB. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. In: Christie AB, ed. Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Clinical Practice. New York, NY: Churchill-Livingstone; 1987:100-164.

Clegg JA, Smithers SR, Terry RJ. Acquisition of human antigens by Schistosoma mansoni during cultivation in vitro. Nature. 1971;232:653-654.

Cope SE, Schultz GW, Richards AL, et al. Assessment of arthropod vectors of infectious diseases in areas of U.S. troop deployment in the Persian Gulf. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;54(1): 49-53.

Csonka G, Pace J. Endemic nonvenereal treponematosis (Bejel) in Saudi Arabia. Rev Infect Dis. 1985;7(Suppl 2):S260-S265.

David JR, Butterworth AE. Immunity to schistosomiasis: advances and prospects. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:641-643.

DeFraites RF, Wanat ER, Norwood AE, Williams S, Cowan D, Callahan T. Investigation of a Suspected Outbreak of an Unknown Disease Among Veterans of Operation Desert Shield/Storm, 123rd Army Reserve Command, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, April 1992. Washington, DC: Epidemiology Consultant Service, Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; 1992.

Deller JJ Jr, Russell PK. An analysis of fevers of unknown origin in American soldiers in Vietnam. Ann Intern Med. 1967;66:1129-1143.

Division of Control of Tropical Diseases. World malaria situation, 1988. World Health Stat Q. 1990;43:68-78.

Eitrem R, Vene S, Niklasson B . Incidence of sandfly fever among Swedish United Nations soldiers during 1985. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990;43:207-211.

Elhag KM, Mustafa AK, Sethi SK. Septicaemia in a teaching hospital in Kuwait - I: incidence and aetiology. J Infect. 1985;10:17-24.

el-Hazmi MA. Hepatitis B virus in Saudi Arabia. J Trop Med Hyg. 1989;92:56-51.

el-Hazmi MA. Hepatitis A antibodies: prevalence in Saudi Arabia. J Trop Med Hyg. 1989;92:427-430.

Gasser RA Jr, Magill AJ, Oster CN, Tramont EC. The threat of infectious disease in Americans returning from Operation Desert Storm. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(12):859-864.

Gordon JE. General considerations of modes of transmission. In: Hoff EC, ed. Preventive Medicine in World War II. Vol. 4 Communicable Diseases. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, US Department of the Army; 1958:8-38.

Gremillion DH, Geckler RW, Kuntz RE, Marraro RV. Schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabian recruits. A morbidity study based on quantitative egg excretion. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1978;27:924-927.

Gross EM, Arbeli Y, Bearman JE, et al. Spotted fever and murine typhus in the Negev desert region of Israel, 1981. Bull World Health Organ. 1984;62:301-306.

Hepburn NC, Brooks TJG. An outbreak of chickenpox in a military field hospital-the implications for biological warfare. J R Soc Med. 1991;84:721-722.

Heppner DG, Magill AJ, Gasser RA, Oster CN. The threat of infectious diseases in Somalia. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1061-1068.

Herron A, Dettleff G, Hixon B, et al. Influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases: safety and efficacy. JAMA. 1979;242:53-56.

Hertig M, Sabin AB. Sandfly fever (pappataci, Phlebotomus, three-day fever). In: Hoff EC, ed. Preventive Medicine in World War II. Vol. 7: Communicable Diseases. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, US Department of the Army; 1964:109-174.

Holmes GP, Kaplan JE, Stewart JA, Hunt B, Pinsky PF, Schonberger LB. A cluster of patients with a chronic mononucleosis-like syndrome: is Epstein-Barr virus the cause? JAMA. 1987;257:2297-2302.

Hoogstraal H. The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. J Med Entomol. 1979;15:307-417.

Hornick RB. Typhoid fever. In: Evans AS, Feldman HA, eds. Bacterial Infections in Humans: Epidemiology and Control. New York, NY: Plenum; 1982:659-676.

Huggins JW. Prospects for treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11(suppl 4):750S-761S.

Human plague in 1989. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 1990;65:321-323.

Hussain Qadri SM, Ostrawski S, Johnson S, Flournoy DJ. Differences in antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates in Saudi Arabia and the United States. J Natl Med Assoc. 1987;79:433-437.

Hyams KC, Hanson K, Wignall FS, Escamilla J, Oldfield EC. The impact of infectious diseases on the health of US troops deployed to the Persian Gulf during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:1497-1504.

Hyams KC, Malone JD, Kapikian AZ, et al. Norwalk virus infection among Desert Storm troops. J Infect Dis. 1993;167:986-987.

Hyams KC, Oldfield EC, Scott RM, et al. Evaluation of febrile patients in Port Sudan, Sudan: isolation of dengue virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986;35:860-865.

Iarotski LS, Davis A. The schistosomiasis problem in the world: results of a WHO questionnaire survey. Bull World Health Organ. 1981;59:115-127

. Javadian E, Tesh R, Saidi S, Nadim A. Studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in Iran. Host-feeding patterns of Phlebotomus papatasi in an endemic area of the disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1977;26:294-298.

Kambal AM, Mahgoub ES, Jamjoom GA, Chowdhury MN. Brucellosis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A microbiological and clinical study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1983;77:820-824.

Kanesa-Thasan N, Iacono-Connors L, Magill A. Dengue serotypes 2 and 3 in US forces in Somalia. Lancet. 1994;343:678.

Kapikian AZ, Feinstone SM, Purcell RH, et al. Detection and identification by immune electron microscopy of fastidious agents associated with respiratory illness, acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, and hepatitis A. Perspect Virol. 1975;9:9-47

Karawya EM, Bobo RA. Role of plasmids in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in Asir Province. Annals of Saudi Medicine. 1990;10:165-170.

Kiel FW, Khan MY. Analysis of 506 consecutive positive serologic tests for brucellosis in Saudi Arabia. J Clin Microbiol. 1987;25:1384-1387.

Kiel FW, Khan MY. Brucellosis in Saudi Arabia. Soc Sci Med. 1989;29:999-1001.

Kuhns DM, Learnard DL. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. In: Coates JB, ed. Preventive Medicine in World War II. Vol. 4. Communicable Diseases. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, US Department of the Army; 1958;22:463-476.

Kumar S, al-Hilli F. Bacteremia in Bahrain. A study of aetiological conditions, clinical presentation and antibiotic therapy. Bahrain Medical Bulletin. 1988;10:130-140.

Laughlin LW, Legters LJ. Disease threats in Somalia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993;48(2):vi-x.

Lazarev VN. Treatment of Crimean hemorrhagic fever patients with convalescent sera. Translation 849 from Department of Medical Zoology, US Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, Cairo, Egypt. In: Chumakov MP, ed. Arboviruses. Mater 16 Nauch Sess Inst Polio Virus Entsef. 1969;2:142-143.

Lehane DE. A seroepidemiologic study of infectious mononucleosis: the development of EB virus antibody in a military population. JAMA. 1970;212:2240-2242.

Levine WC, Griffin PM. Vibrio infections on the Gulf coast: results of first year of regional surveillance. Gulf Coast Vibrio Working Group. J Infect Dis. 1993;167(2):479-483.

Lindsay GC, Dasey C. Operations Desert Shield/Storm infectious disease rates: a fortuitous anomaly. United States Army Medical Research and Development Command News. February 1992:5-6.

Lo S -C, Buchhols CL, Wear DJ, Holm RC, Marty AM. Histopathology and doxycycline treatment in a previously healthy non-AIDS patient systematically infected by Mycoplasma fermentans (incongnitus strain). Modern Pathology. 1991;6:750-754.

Lubani MM, Lulu AR, Araj GF, Khateeb MI, Qurtom MAF, Dudin KI. Pulmonary brucellosis. Q J Med. 1989;71:319-324.

Magzoub M, Kasim AA. Schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1980;74:511-513.

Malone JD, Paparello S, Thornton S, Mapes T, Haberberger R, Hyams KC. Parasitic infections in troops returning from Operation Desert Storm. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1448-1449.

Matossian RM, Thaddeus J, Garabedian GA. Outbreak of epidemic typhus in the northern region of Saudi Arabia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1963;12:82-90.

McKee, Gasser RA Jr, Magill AJ, Oster CN. Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of Tactical Importance to US CENTCOM Forces 1990. Falls Church, Va.: Office of the Army Surgeon; 1990.

Meningococcal disease among travelers returning from Saudi Arabia. MMWR. 1987;36:559.

Moaz A, Shannon K, Phillips I. Mechanisms of gentamicin resistance in gram-negative bacilli in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1989;24:689-698.

Mohamed AE. The Katayama syndrome in Saudis. J Trop Med Hyg. 1985;88:319-322.

Molan AL, Saida LA. Echinococcosis in Iraq: prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in stray dogs in Arbil Province. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 1989;42:137-141.

Moore PS, Reeves MW, Schwartz B, Gellin BG, Broome CV. Intercontinental spread of an epidemic group A Neisseria meningitidis strain. Lancet. 1989;2:260-263.

Moore PS, Harrison LH, Telzak EE, Ajello GW, Broome CV. Group A meningococcal carriage in travelers returning from Saudi Arabia. JAMA. 1988;260:2686-2689.

Mousa AM, Elhag KM, Khogali M, Marafie AA. The nature of human brucellosis in Kuwait: study of 379 cases. Rev Infect Dis. 1988;10:211-217.

Nicholson NL, Nicholson GL. The isolation, purification and analysis of specific gene-containing nucleoproteins and nucleoprotein complexes. Methods Mol Genetics. 1994;5:281-298.

Nicolson GL, Rosenberg-Nicolson NL. Doxycycline treatment and Desert Storm. JAMA. 1995;273:618-619. Letter.

Noah MS, Laajam MA, Hawaas NA, Abdel-Hafez MM. Hydatid liver disease, is it a diagnostic problem? Analysis of 42 consecutive cases in Saudi patients. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1986;80:607-614.

Novelli VM, Lewis RG, Dawood ST. Epidemic group A meningococcal disease in Haj pilgrims. Lancet. 1987;2:863.

Oldfield EC, Rodier GR, Gray GC. The endemic infectious diseases of Somalia. Clin Infect Dis:1993; 16 (suppl 3):S132-S157.

Oldfield EC III, Wallace MR, Hyams KC, Yousif AA, Lewis DE, Bourgeois AL. Endemic infectious diseases of the Middle East. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13(suppl 3):199S-217S.

Pak TP, Zykov MF, Mickhailova LI. Contact infections with Crimean hemorrhagic fever in Tadzhik, SSR. Sov Med. 1975;1:153-154.

Playfair JH, Blackwell JM, Miller HR. Modern vaccines. Parasitic diseases. Lancet. 1990;335(8700):1263-1266.

Qadri SM, Rizvi WH, Rahman SA, al-Dayel F, Flournoy DJ. Saudi Arabian-American differences in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. J Natl Med Assoc. 1989;81:1061-1064.

Radwan AI, Asmar JA, Frerichs WM, Bekairi SI, Al-Mukayel AA. Incidence of brucellosis in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990;74:249-250.

Ramia S, el-Hazmi MA, Vivian PA, Waller DK, Mushahwar IK, Frosner GG. Delta agent infection in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81:317-318.

Ramia S, Hossain A, Bakir TM, Waller DK, Vivian PA. Prevalence and subtype of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the Saudi population. Trop Geogr Med. 1986;38:63-69.

Ramirez CA, Bran JL, Mejia CR, Garcia JF. Open, prospective study of the clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985;28: 128-132.

Ravel R. Viral and rickettsial infectious diseases. In: Clinical Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Application of Laboratory Data. 5th ed. Chicago, Ill: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1989:244-275.

Richards AL, Malone JD, Sheris S, et al. Arbovirus and rickettsial infections among combat troops during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. J Infect Dis. 1993;168:1080-1081. Letter.

Ruben B, Band JD, Wong P, Colville J. Person-to-person transmission of Brucella melitensis. Lancet. 1991;337:14-15.

Sabin AB, Paul JR. Phlebotomus (papataci or sandfly) fever: a disease of military importance. JAMA. 1944;125:603-606.

Saidi S, Tesh R, Javadian E, Sahabi Z, Nadim A. Studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in Iran. II. The prevalence of human and animal infection with five phlebotomus fever virus serotypes in Isfahan province. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1977;26:288-293.

Saleh AS, Hassan A, Scott RMN, Mellick PW, Oldfield EC, Podgore JK. Dengue in northeast Africa. Lancet. 1985;ii:211-212.

Scott DA, Burans JP, al-Ouzeib HD, et al. A seroepidemiological survey of viral hepatitis in the Yemen Arab Republic. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990;84:288-291.

Sebai ZA. Malaria in Saudi Arabia. Trop Doct. 1988;18:183-188.

Sharp TW, Wallace MR, Hayes CG, et al. Dengue fever in US troops during Operation Restore Hope, Somalia, 1992-1993. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53(1):89-94.

Shobokshi OA, Serebour FE. The aetiology of acute viral hepatitis in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81:219-221.

Shweiki HM, Hira PR, Behbehani K. Cystic hydatid disease: aspects of the incidence in man in Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. Eur J Epidemiol. 1990;6:15-19.

Sigurdsson B, Gudmundsson KR. Clinical findings six years after an outbreak of Akureyri Disease. Lancet. 1956;1:766-767.

Simmons JS, St. John JH, Reynolds FHK. Experimental studies of dengue. Philipp J Sci. 1931;44:1-18.

Strunk HK. Guidebook of Infectious and Communicable Diseases and Other Health Hazards of the Arabian Peninsula. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: US Naval Forces Central Command; 1984.

Suleiman MN, Muscat-Baron JM, Harries JR, et al. Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Dubai: an outbreak at the Rashid Hospital. Lancet. 1980;2:939-941.

Swanepoel R, Gill DE, Shepherd AJ, Leman PA, Mynhardt JH, Harvey S. The clinical pathology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11(suppl 4):794S-800S.

Tauxe RV, Puhr ND, Wells JG, Hargrett-Bean N, Blake PA. Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in the USA: the importance of international travelers. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:1107-1111.

Tesh RB. A method for the isolation and identification of dengue viruses, using mosquito cell cultures. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1979;28:1053-1059.

Tesh RB. The epidemiology of Phlebotomus (sandfly) fever. Isr J Med Sci. 1989; 25:214-217.

Tesh RB, Chaniotis BN. Transovarial transmission of viruses by phlebotomine sandflies. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1975;266:125-134.

Tesh RB, Saidi S, Gajdamovic SJ, Rodhain F, Vesenjak-Hirjan J. Serological studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in the Old World. Bull World Health Organ. 1976;54:663-674.

van de Wal BW, Joubert JR, van Eeden PJ, King JB. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerbert Hospital. Part IV. Preventive and prophylactic measures. S Afr Med J. 1985;68:729-732.

van Eeden PJ, Joubert JR. van de Wal BW, King JB, de Kock A, Groenewald JH. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital: clinical features. S Afr Med J. 1985;68:711-717.

van Eeden PJ, van Eeden SF, Joubert JR, King JB, van de Wal BW, Mitchell WL. A nonsocomail outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital: management of patients. S Afr Med J. 1985;68:718-721.

Vassallo L. Khan MA, Edeson JF. Epidemiological aspects and clinical implications of malaria as seen in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1985;79:349-355.

Vassilenko SM, Vassilev TL, Bozadjiev LG, Bineva IL, Kazarov GZ. Specific intravenous immunoglobulin for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Lancet. 1990;335:791-792.

WHO Expert Committee. Viral haemorrhagic fevers. World Health Organization Tech Rep Ser. 1985;721:1-126.

Watts DM, Ussery MA, Nash D, Peters CJ. Inhibition of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viral infectivity yields in vitro by ribavirin. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1989;41:581-585.

West SG. Rheumatic disorders during Operation Desert Storm. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1993;36(10):1487. Letter.

Woolf B. On estimating the evaluation between blood group and disease. Ann Hum Genet. 1955;19:251-253.


Table of Contents