Aiken, L. H., and D. Mechanic, eds., Applications of Social Science to Clinical Medicine and Social Policy, Rutgers University Press, New Jersey, 1986.

Alexander, Franz, "Fundamental Concepts of Psychosomatic Research: Psychogenesis, Conversion, Specificity," Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 5, 1943.

American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), Third Edition, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C., 1980.

American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III R), Third Edition Revised, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C., 1987.

American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), Fourth Edition, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C., 1994.

Anderson, David L., ed., Facing My Lai, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 1998.

Appel, John W., and Gilbert W. Beebe, "Preventive Psychiatry," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 131, August 1946.

Arieti, S., editor in chief, American Handbook of Psychiatry, Second Edition, Volume Four: Organic Disorders and Psychosomatic Medicine, Basic Books, New York, 1975.

Artiss, Kenneth L., The Symptom As Communication in Schizophrenia, Thomas, New York, 1959.

Babington, Anthony, Shell Shock: A History of the Changing Attitudes to War Neurosis, Leo Cooper, London, 1997.

Baker, Benjamin, "The Suppression of Malaria," in W. P. Havens, ed., Internal Medicine in World War II, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1963.

Baker, S. L., "Drug Abuse in the US Army," Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 6, June 1971.

Barker, Pat, Regeneration, Dutton, New York, 1992.

Barker, Pat, The Eye in the Door, Dutton, New York, 1994.

Barker, Pat, The Ghost Road, Dutton, New York, 1996.

Barr, N. I., and L. M. Zunin, "Clarification of the Psychiatrist’s Dilemma While in Military Service," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 41, 1971.

Barrett, Deidre, ed., Trauma and Dreams, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1996.

Barsky, A. J., et al., "Hypochondriacal Patients’ Beliefs About Good Health," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 150, No. 7, July 1993.

Barsky, A. J., J. D. Goodson, et al., "The Amplification of Somatic Symptoms," Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 50, 1988.

Barsky, A. J., and Gerald L. Klerman, "Overview: Hypochondriasis, Bodily Complaints, and Somatic Styles," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 140, No. 3, 1983.

Baur, Susan, Hypochondria: Woeful Imaginings, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1988.

Beeson, Paul B., and Walsh McDermott, eds., Cecil—Loeb Textbook of Medicine, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1963.

Benton, G. H., "‘War’ Neuroses and Allied Conditions in Ex-Service Men," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 77, 1921.

Bey, Douglas R., "Change of Command in Combat: A Locus of Stress," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 129, 1972.

Binswanger, Otto, "Hystero-somatische Kranksheitserscheinungen bei der Kriegshysterie," Monatsschrift fur Psychiatrie und Neurologie, Vol. 38, 1915.

Blanchard, E. B., L. C. Kolb, and T. P. Pallmeyer, "A Psychophysiological Study of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Vietnam Veterans," Psychiatric Quarterly, Vol. 54, 1982, pp. 220—229.

Blanchard, E. B., L. C. Kolb, and R. J. Gerardi, "Cardiac Response to Relevant Stimuli As an Adjunctive Tool for Diagnosing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Vietnam Veterans," Behavioral Therapy, Vol. 17, 1986, pp. 592—606.

Bliese, P., and R. R. Halverson, "Individual and Nomothetic Models of Job Stress: An Examination of Work Hours, Cohesion and Well Being," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 28, 1996, pp. 563—580.

Bliese, P., and R. R. Halverson, "Group Consensus and Psychological Well Being: A Large Field Study," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 28, 1998, pp. 535—580.

Boscarino, Joseph, "Diseases Among Men 20 Years After Exposure to Severe Stress: Implications for Clinical Research and Medical Care," Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 59, No. 6, 1997.

Bourne, Peter, "Military Psychiatry and the Vietnam Experience," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 127, October 1970.

Braestrup, Peter, Big Story, Westview Press, Boulder, 1977.

Brandt, Allan M., and Paul Rozin, eds., Morality and Health, Routledge, New York, 1997.

Breslau, N. and G. C. Davis, "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Etiologic Specificity of Wartime Stressors," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 144, No. 5, 1987a, pp. 578—583.

Breslau, N. and G. C. Davis, "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Stressor Criterion," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 175, No. 5, 1987b, pp. 255—264.

Brill, Norman, and Gilbert W. Beebe, "Follow-Up Study of Psychoneuroses: Preliminary Report," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 108, December 1951, pp. 417—425.

Brown, G. W., and T. O. Harris, Social Origins of Depression, Tavistock, London, 1978.

Brown, G. W., T. O. Harris, and J. Peto, "Life Events and Psychiatric Disorders: The Nature of the Causal Link," Psychological Medicine, Vol. 3, 1973, pp. 159—176.

Brown, G. W., F. Sklair, T. O. Harris, and J.L.T. Birley, "Life Events and Psychiatric Disorder: Some Methodological Issues," Psychological Medicine, Vol. 3, 1973, pp. 74—87.

Burkett, B. G., and G. Whitley, Stolen Valor, Verity Press, Dallas, 1998.

Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1985.

The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study, "Health Status of Vietnam Veterans, I. Psychosocial Characteristics," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 259, No. 18, 1988a, pp. 2701—2707.

The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study, "Health Status of Vietnam Veterans, II. Physical Health," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 259, No. 18, 1988b, pp. 2708—2714.

The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study, "Health Status of Vietnam Veterans, III. Reproductive Outcomes and Child Health," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 259, No. 18, 1988c, pp. 2715—2719.

Cobb, I. G., " A New Treatment for Neurasthenia," Medical Press, April 14, 1915.

Coffman, Edward M., The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1986.

Coleman, Jules V., "Division Psychiatry in the Southwest Pacific Area," in W. Mullins and A. J. Glass, eds., The History of Neuropsychiatry in World War II, Volume II, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1973.

Contamine, Phillipe, War in the Middle Ages, Blackwell, New York, 1986.

Damasio, Antonio, Descartes’ Error, Avon Books, New York, 1994.

Datel, William E., and Arnold W. Johnson, Jr., Psychotropic Prescription Medication in Vietnam, Defense Technical Information Center, Alexandria, 1981.

Davidson, P. (LTG), Vietnam at War, Oxford University Press, New York, 1991.

Dean, Eric T., Jr., Shook over Hell: Posttraumatic Stress, Vietnam, and the Civil War, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1997.

Decoufle, Pierre, Patricia Holmgreen, Coleen Boyle, and Nancy Stroup, "Self-Reported Health Status of Vietnam Veterans in Relation to Perceived Exposure to Herbicides and Combat," American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 135, No. 2, 1992, pp. 312—323.

Delbruck, Hans, Warfare in Antiquity, History of the Art of War, Vol. I, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1990.

Derogatis, L. R., and N. Melisaratos, "The Brief Symptom Inventory: An Introductory Report," Psychological Medicine, Vol. 13, 1983, pp. 595—605.

Derogatis, L. R., and P. M. Spencer, The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration Scoring and Procedures Manual–I, Clinical Psychometric Research, Baltimore, 1982.

Detienne, Marcel, and Jean Pierre Vernant, Cunning Intelligence in Greek Culture & Society, Humanities Press, Inc., New Jersey, 1978.

Douglas, Mary, Purity and Danger, Routledge, New York, 1984.

Douglas, Mary, Risk and Blame, Routledge, New York, 1994.

Douglas, Mary, and Aaron Wildavsky, Risk and Culture, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1982.

Dowling, Jerome, "Psychologic Aspects of the Year in Vietnam," U.S. Army Vietnam Medical Bulletin, November 3, 1967.

Dunbar, H. Flanders, Psychosomatic Diagnosis, Hoeber, New York, 1943.

Edmendson, S. W., and D. J. Platner, "Psychiatric Referrals from Khe Sanh During Siege," U.S. Army Vietnam Medical Bulletin, July/August 1968.

Ellenberger, Henri F., The Discovery of the Unconscious, Basic Books, New York, 1970.

Ellis, John, Eye Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in W.W.I, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1984.

Euripides (Arthur S. Way, trans.), Euripides, Vol. III, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1971.

Ferguson, Niall, The Pity of War, Basic Books, New York, 1999.

Fidaleo, Raymond A., "Marijuana–Social and Clinical Observations," U.S. Army Vietnam Medical Bulletin, April 1968.

Figley, Charles, ed., Stress Disorders Among Vietnam Veterans, Brunner/Mazel, New York, 1978.

Figley, Charles R., and Seymour Leventman, eds., Strangers at Home: Vietnam Veterans Since the War, Praeger, New York, 1980.

Foucalt, Michel, The Birth of the Clinic, An Archaeology of Medical Perception, Vintage Books, New York, 1975.

Friedman, J. H., "Military Psychiatry: Limitations of Current Preventive Approach," Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 26, 1971, pp. 118—123.

Gaupp, R., "Ungewohnliche Formen der Hysterie bei Soldaten," Psychiatrisch-Neurologische Wochenschrift, Vol. 17, 1915.

Gelder, Michael, Dennis Gath, and Richard Mayou, Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 1991.

Gilliland, B. E., and Richard K. James, Crisis Intervention Strategies, Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, 1997.

Ginzberg, E., The Lost Divisions, Columbia University Press, New York, 1959.

Glass, A. J., "Lessons Learned," in W. Mullins and A. J. Glass, eds., The History of Neuropsychiatry in World War II, Volume II, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1973.

Grinker, Roy R., and J. P. Spiegel, Men Under Stress, Blakiston, Philadelphia, 1945.

Green, Bonnie L., Jacob D. Lindy, and Mary C. Grace, "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Toward DSM-IV," The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 173, No. 7, 1985, pp. 406—411.

Gross, Paul R., Norman Levitt, and Martin W. Lewis, eds., The Flight from Science and Reason, New York Academy of Sciences, New York, 1997.

Gureje, O., G. E. Simon, et al., "Somatization in Cross Cultural Perspective," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 154, No. 7, 1997, pp. 989—995.

Gunderson, E.K. Eric, and Richard H. Rahe, eds., Life Stress and Illness, Thomas, Springfield, 1974.

Hacking, Ian, Rewriting the Soul: Multiple Personality and the Sciences of Memory, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1995.

Hacking, Ian, Mad Travelers: Reflections of the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1998.

Hall, Bert S., Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1997.

Hanson, Frederick R., ed., Combat Psychiatry, Special Supplement, The Bulletin of the U.S. Army Medical Department, Vol. IX, November 1949.

Hanson, Victor D., The Western Way of War, The Free Press, New York, 1989.

Hanson, Victor D., The Other Greeks, The Free Press, New York, 1995.

Havens, W. P., ed., Internal Medicine in World War II, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1963.

Helman, Cecil G., Culture, Health and Illness, Third Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1994.

Herbert, Anthony B., Soldier, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1973.

Hess, Earl J. The Union Soldier in Battle, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, 1997.

Hollingshead, A. B., and F. C. Redlich, Social Class and Mental Illness, Wiley, New York, 1958.

Hopkins, James E.T., Henry G. Stelling, and Voorhees S. Tracy, "The Marauders and the Microbes," in James H. Stone, ed., Crisis Fleeting: Original Reports on Military Medicine in India and Burma in the Second World War, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1969.

Horowitz, M. J., Stress Response Syndromes, Aronson, New York, 1976.

Horowitz, M. J., "Stress Response Syndromes and Their Treatment," in L. Goldberger and S. Breznitz, eds., Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects, The Free Press, New York, 1982, pp. 711—732.

Horowitz, M. J., N. Wiulner, and W. Alvarez, "Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Stress," Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 41, 1979, pp. 209—218.

Huffman, Robert, "Which Soldiers Break Down: A Survey of 610 Psychiatric Patients in Vietnam," Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, Vol. 34, 1970.

Hunter, Richard, and Ida Macalpine, eds., Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry 1530—1860, Oxford University Press, London, 1963.

Hurst, Arthur F., "Hysteria in the Light of the Experience of War," Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, Vol. 2, 1919.

Hurst, A. F., and J.L.M. Symns, "The Rapid Cure of Hysterical Symptoms in Soldiers," The Lancet, August 3, 1918.

Idler, E., "Self-Assessed Health and Mortality: A Review of Studies," International Review of Health Psychology, Vol. 1, 1992.

Ingraham, Larry, "The Nam and the World: Heroin Use by US Army Enlisted Men Serving in Vietnam," Psychiatry, Vol. 37, 1974, pp. 114—128.

Isaacs, Arnold, Vietnam Shadows: The War, Its Ghosts and Its Legacy, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1997.

Kandel, Eric R., James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell, Principles of Neural Science, Third Edition, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, 1991.

Kardiner, Abram, The Traumatic Neuroses of War, P. Hoeber, New York, 1941.

Karnow, Stanley, Vietnam: A History, Viking Penguin, New York, 1991.

Kaufman, M. R., "Ill Health As an Expression of Anxiety in a Combat Unit," Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 9, 1947.

Keane, T. M., J. M. Caddell, and K. L. Taylor, "Mississippi Scale for Combat Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Three Studies in Reliability and Validity," Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 56, 1988, pp. 85—90.

Kellner, Robert, "Functional Somatic Symptoms and Hypochondriasis: A Survey of Empirical Studies," Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 42, 1985, pp. 821—833.

Kilpatrick, Ted D., and Harry A. Grater, Jr., "Field Report on Marine Psychiatric Casualties in Vietnam," Military Medicine, Vol. 136, October 1971, pp. 801—809.

Kleinman, Arthur, Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1981.

Kleinman, Arthur, The Illness Narratives, Basic Books, New York, 1988.

Kleinman, Arthur, and Byron Good, Culture and Depression, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1985.

Kolb, Lawrence C., "The Psychoneuroses," in Paul B. Beeson and Walsh McDermott, eds., Cecil—Loeb Textbook of Medicine, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1963.

Kulka, R. A., W. E. Schlenger, J. A. Fairbank, R. L. Hough, B. K. Jordan, and C. R. Marmar, Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation: Report of Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans’ Readjustment Study, Brunner/Mazel, New York, 1990.

Laufer, R. S., E. Frey—Wouters, and M. S. Gallops, "Traumatic Stressors in the Vietnam War and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder," in C. R. Figley, ed., Trauma And Its Wake, Vol. I, Brunner/Mazel, New York, 1985.

Leed, Eric J., No Man’s Land: Combat and Identity in World War I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981.

Lewy, Guenter, America in Vietnam, Oxford University Press, New York, 1980.

Lewis, Nolan D.C., and Bernice Engel, Wartime Psychiatry, Oxford University Press, New York, 1954.

Liddell Hart, B. H., Great Captains Unveiled, Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1927.

Lidz, Theodore, "Psychiatric Casualties from Guadalcanal," Psychiatry, Vol. 9, August 1946.

Lifton, Robert J., Home from the War, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1973.

Lifton, Robert J., "‘Death Imprints’ on Youth in Vietnam" Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, Summer 1974, pp. 47—49.

Linderman, Gerald F., Embattled Courage: The Experience of Combat in the American Civil War, The Free Press, New York, 1987.

Lloyd, G.E.R., The Revolutions of Wisdom: Studies in the Claims and Practice of Ancient Greek Science, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1987.

Macdonald, Lyn, 1915, The Death of Innocence, Henry Holt, New York, 1995.

Marlowe, David. H., The Galjaal Barsana of Central Somalia, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, 1963a.

Marlowe, David H., "Contract, Commitment, Group Conflict and Boundaries," in J. Masserman, ed., Science and Psychoanalysis, Grune and Stratton, New York, 1963b.

Marlowe, David H., ed., New Manning System Reports 1—5, Xerox, Division of Neuropsychiatry, WRAIR, various dates, 1984—1989.

Marlowe, David H., "The Human Dimensions of Battle and Combat Breakdown," in R. Gabriel, ed., Military Psychiatry, Greenwood Press, Westport, 1986.

Marlowe, David H., et al., "An Assessment of the Psychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Deployment to Desert Storm on Reserve and Active Duty Service Members in Hawaii and Pennsylvania," Annex A of The General Well-Being of Gulf War Era Service Personnel from the States of Pennsylvania and Hawaii: A Survey, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C., 1994.

Marlowe, Gertrude W., "Cultural Stressors During Deployment: Implications for Women’s Health and Performance," in R. J. Ursano and F. H. Gabay, eds., Sex Differences, Stress, and Military Readiness, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, 1996.

Marshall, Grant N., Lois M. Davis, and Cathy D. Sherbourne, A Review of the Scientific Literature As It Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses, Volume 4, Stress, RAND, Santa Monica, 1999.

Marshall, S.L.A., Crimsoned Prairie: The Indian Wars, Scribner, New York, 1972.

Martin, Paul, The Sickening Mind, Brain, Behavior, Immunity and Disease, HarperCollins, London, 1997.

Mason, John, "Clinical Psychophysiology: Psychoendocrine Mechanisms," in Silvano Arieti, ed., American Handbook of Psychiatry, 2nd edition, Vol. 4, Organic Disorders and Psychosomatic Medicine, Basic Books, New York, 1975.

Mason, J. W., E. L. Giller, T. R. Kosten, R. B. Ostroff, and L. Podd, "Urinary Free-Cortisol Levels in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Patients," The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 174, No. 3, 1986, pp. 145—149.

Masserman, J., ed., Science and Psychoanalysis, Grune and Stratton, New York, 1963.

McFarlane, A. C., and G. D. De Girolamo, "The Nature of Traumatic Stressors and the Epidemiology of Post Traumatic Reactions," in Bessel A. van der Kolk, Alexander C. McFarlane, and Lars Weisaeth, eds., Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society, The Guilford Press, New York, 1996.

McFeely, William S., Grant: A Biography, Norton, New York, 1981.

McPherson, James, For Cause and Comrades, Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.

Mechanic, D., "The Social Context of Health and Disease," in Allan M. Brandt and Paul Rozin, eds., Morality and Health, Routledge, New York, 1997.

Mechanic, D., and S. Hansell, "Adolescent Competence, Psychological Well Being, and Self-Assessed Physical Health," Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 28, 1987, pp. 364—374.

Moore, Harold G. (LTG Ret.), and Joseph Galloway, We Were Soldiers Once . . . and Young, Random House, New York, 1992.

Mora, George, "Recent Psychiatric Developments (Since 1939)" in Silvano Arieti, ed., American Handbook of Psychiatry, 2nd edition, Vol. 1, The Foundations of Psychiatry, Basic Books, New York, 1974.

Morris, Larry E., M.D., "Over the Hump in Vietnam," Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, Vol. 34, 1970.

Mullins, W., and A. J. Glass, eds., The History of Neuropsychiatry in World War II, Volume II, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1973.

Myers, Charles S., M.D. (Capt. RAMC), "A Contribution to the Study of Shell Shock," The Lancet, Vol. i, February 13, 1915, pp. 316—320.

Nace, E. P., A. Meyers, C. P. O’Brien, N. Ream, and J. Mintz, "Depression in Veterans Two Years After Viet Nam," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 134, No. 2, 1977, pp. 167—170.

Neel, Spurgeon (MG), Medical Support of the U.S. Army in Vietnam, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1973.

Newman, E., D. G. Kaloupek, and T. Keane, "Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Clinical and Research Settings" in Bessel A. van der Kolk, Alexander C. McFarlane, and Lars Weisaeth, eds., Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society, The Guilford Press, New York, 1996.

Nowlis, H. H., Drugs on the College Campus, Doubleday, New York, 1969.

O’Brien, C. P., E. P. Nace, et al., "Follow-Up of Vietnam Veterans. I. Relapse to Drug Use After Vietnam Service," Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Vol. 5, 1980, pp. 333—340.

O’Brien, L. Stephen, Traumatic Events and Mental Health, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1998.

Officer, W. J. (MG), "With Wingate’s Chindits" in James H. Stone, ed., Crisis Fleeting: Original Reports on Military Medicine in India and Burma During the Second World War, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1969.

Osler, William, M.D., The Principles and Practice of Medicine, D. Appelton and Co., New York, 1892.

Parker, Geoffrey, The Military Revolution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.

Palinkas, L. A., and P. Coben, "Psychiatric Casualties Among U.S. Marines in Vietnam," Military Medicine, Vol. 153, 1988, pp. 521—526.

Parker, Geoffrey, The Military Revolution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.

Parsons, Talcott, Social Structure and Personality, The Free Press, London, 1964.

Pettera, R. L., B. M. Johnson, and R. Zimmer, "Psychiatric Management of Combat Reactions with Emphasis on a Reaction Unique to Vietnam," Military Medicine, Vol. 134, 1969, pp. 673—678.

Pitman, R. K., S. P. Orr, D. F. Forgue, et al., "Psychophysiological Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Imagery in Vietnam Combat Veterans," Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 44, 1987, pp. 970—975.

Popper, Karl, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Hutchinson, London, 1959.

Popper, Karl, Conjectures and Refutations, Routledge and Paul Keegan, London, 1972.

Porter, Roy, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity, Norton, New York, 1998.

Ransom, Steven W., "The Normal Battle Reaction," in Frederick R. Hanson, ed., Combat Psychiatry, Special Supplement, The Bulletin of the U.S. Army Medical Department, Vol. IX, November 1949.

Raphael, B., J. Wilson, L. Meldrum, and A. C. McFarlane, "Acute Preventive Interventions," in Bessel A. van der Kolk, Alexander C. McFarlane, and Lars Weisaeth, eds., Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society, The Guilford Press, New York, 1996.

Raynor, Mortimer W. (MAJ), "Psychiatry at the Front in the American Armies," State Hospital Quarterly, Vol. 4, 1918.

Reiser, Morton, "Changing Theoretical Concepts in Psychosomatic Medicine," in Silvano Arieti, ed., American Handbook of Psychiatry, 2nd edition, Vol. 4, Organic Disorders and Psychosomatic Medicine, Basic Books, New York, 1975.

Reister, Frank A., Battle Casualties and Medical Statistics: U.S. Army Experience in the Korean War, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., undated.

Rivers, W.H.R., "The Repression of War Experience," The Lancet, Vol. i, 1918, pp. 72—77.

Rixon, C.H.L., "The Hysterical Perpetuation of Symptoms," The Lancet, Vol. i, March 15, 1919, pp. 417—419.

Robbins, James M., and Laurence J. Kirmayer, "Attributions of Common Somatic Symptoms," Psychological Medicine, Vol. 21, 1991, pp. 1029—1045.

Robins, Lee N., John E. Helzer, and Darlene Davis, "Narcotic Use in Southeast Asia and Afterward: An Interview Study of 898 Vietnam Returnees," Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 32, August 1975, pp. 955—961.

Roffman, R. A., and E. Sapol, "Marijuana in Vietnam: A Survey of Use Among Army Enlisted Men in the Two Southern Corps," International Journal of the Addictions, Vol. 5, 1970, pp. 1—42.

Rohrbaugh, M., G. Eads, and S. Press, "Effects of the Vietnam Experience on Subsequent Drug Use Among Servicemen," The International Journal of the Addictions, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1974, pp. 25—40.

Rosen, George, "Nostalgia: A ‘Forgotten’ Psychological Disorder," Psychological Medicine, Vol. 5, 1975, pp. 340—354.

Rosenberg, Charles, "Banishing Risk," in Allan M. Brandt and Paul Rozin, eds., Morality and Health, Routledge, New York, 1997.

Rosner, A. A., "Neuropsychiatric Casualties from Guadalcanal," American Journal of Medical Science, No. 207, June 1944.

Sampson, Wallace, "Antiscience Trends in the Rise of the Alternative Medicine Movement," in Paul R. Gross, Norman Levitt, and Martin W. Lewis, eds., The Flight from Science and Reason, New York Academy of Sciences, New York, 1997.

Schneider, Robert, "Military Psychiatry in the German Army," in R. Gabriel, ed., Military Psychiatry, Greenwood Press, Westport, 1986.

Schnurr, P. P., M. J. Friedman, and S. D. Rosenberg, "Premilitary MMPI Scores As Predictors of Combat-Related PTSD Symptoms," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 150, No. 3, 1993, pp. 479—483.

Sears, Stephen W., Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Anteater, Houghton Mifflen, Boston, 1983.

Shatan, C. F., "Soldiers in Mourning," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 42, 1972.

Shatan, C. F., "How Do We Turn off the Guilt," Human Behavior, Vol. 2, 1973.

Shay, Jonathan, Achilles in Vietnam, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1994.

Shorter, Edward, From Paralysis to Fatigue: A History of Psychosomatic Illness in the Modern Era, The Free Press, New York, 1992.

Showalter, Elaine, Hystories, Columbia University Press, New York, 1997.

Siegel, Rudolph, Galen on Psychology, Psychopathology and Function and Disease of the Nervous System, S. Karger, Basel, N.Y., 1973.

Simon, Gregory E., and Michael VonKorff, "Somatization and Psychiatric Disorder in the NIMH Catchment Area Study," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 148, No. 11, 1991, pp. 1494—1500.

Slim, Field Marshall Sir William, Defeat into Victory, Cassell & Co. Ltd., London, 1956.

Sobel, R., "Anxiety-Depressive Reactions After Prolonged Combat Experience–the "Old Sergeant Syndrome," in Frederick R. Hanson, ed., Combat Psychiatry, Special Supplement, The Bulletin of the U.S. Army Medical Department, Vol. IX, November 1949.

Sophocles (Hugh Lloyd-Jones, ed. and trans.), Ajax, Electra, Oedipus Tyrannus, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1994.

Spector, Ronald H., After Tet, The Free Press, New York, 1993.

Spiegel, Herbert X., "Preventive Psychiatry with Combat Troops," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 101, November 1944.

Stone, James H., ed., Crisis Fleeting: Original Reports on Military Medicine in India and Burma During the Second World War, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1969.

Stouffer, Samuel, et al., The American Soldier, Volume II: Combat And Its Aftermath, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1949.

Strange, R. E., "Combat Fatigue Versus Pseudo Combat Fatigue," Military Medicine, Vol. 133, 1968, pp. 823—826.

Sullivan, Harry S., "Psychiatry and the National Defense," in Harry S. Sullivan, The Fusion of Psychiatry and Social Science, Norton, New York, 1964.

Sun-tzu (Samuel B. Griffen, ed. and trans.), The Art of War, Oxford University Press, New York, 1963.

Swank, Roy L., "Combat Exhaustion," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 109, June 1949.

Swank, Roy L., and Walter E. Marchand, "Combat Neuroses," Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, Vol. 55, March 1946.

Symonds, C. P., "Some Diseases Which Have Become Common Among Soldiers in This Country," Guy’s Hospital Gazette, Vol. 30, December 16, 1916, p. 439.

Tessler, R. C., and D. Mechanic, "Psychological Distress and Perceived Health Status," Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 19, 1978, pp. 254—262.

Thayer, Thomas C., ed., A Systems Analysis View of the Vietnam War, Vol. 8, Casualties and Losses, Defense Technical Information Center, Alexandria, 1978.

Thucydides (Robert B. Strassler, ed.), History of the Peloponnesian War, The Landmark Thucydides, The Free Press, New York, 1996.

Tiffany, William J., "The Mental Health of Army Troops in Vietnam," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 123, June 1967, pp. 1585—1586.

Ursano, R. J., and F. H. Gabay, eds., Sex Differences, Stress, and Military Readiness, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, 1996.

U.S. Army Medical Department, The Medical Department of the U.S. Army in the World War, Vol. IX, Neuropsychiatry, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1929.

van der Kolk, B. A., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Psychological and Biological Sequelae, American Psychiatric Press, Washington, D.C., 1984.

van der Kolk, Bessel A., et al., "History of Trauma in Psychiatry," in Bessel A. van der Kolk, Alexander C. McFarlane, and Lars Weisaeth, eds., Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society, The Guilford Press, New York, 1996.

van der Kolk, Bessel A., Alexander C. McFarlane, and Lars Weisaeth, eds., Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society, The Guilford Press, New York, 1996.

Vernant, Jean-Pierre, Myth and Society in Ancient Greece, Zone Books, New York, 1990.

Waley, Arthur, The Book of Songs, Grove Press, New York, 1996.

Ware, J. E., Jr., "The Assessment of Health Status," in L. H. Aiken and D. Mechanic, eds., Applications of Social Science to Clinical Medicine and Social Policy, Rutgers University Press, New Jersey, 1986.

Webster, Richard C., Why Freud Was Wrong, Basic Books, New York, 1995.

Wells, K. B., et al., "The Functioning and Well Being of Depressed Patients: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 262, 1989, pp. 914—919.

White, William A., M.D., "Mental Disease," in Thomas L. Stedman, M.D., ed., A Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences, Volume 6, Third Edition, W. Wood & Co., New York, 1916.

Whitman, Cedric H., Sophocles, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1971.

Williams, Tom A., "The Management of Hysteria in War," Military Surgeon, Vol. 45, 1919.

Wolff, H. G., "Protective Reaction Patterns and Disease," Annals of Internal Medicine, No. 27, 1947.

Wolff, Harold G., Stress and Disease, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, 1953.

Wright, K. M., D. H. Marlowe, J. A. Martin, R. K. Gifford, G. L. Belinky, and F. J. Manning, Operation Desert Shield Desert Storm: A Summary Report, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C., 1995.

Xenophon (H. G. Dakyns, trans.), The Education of Cyrus, J. M. Dent, London, 1992.

Yehuda, R., and A. C. McFarlane, "Conflict Between Current Knowledge About Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Original Conceptual Basis," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152, No. 12, 1995, pp. 1705—1713.

Young, Allan, The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1995.