A Review of the Scientific Literature as it Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses,
Volume 5: Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents

William S. Augerson


Preface
Figures
Tables
Summary
Foreword and Acknowledgments
Glossary

Chapter One: Introduction

Approach
How the Review Is Organized
Chapter Two: Overview of Chemical and Biological Warfare

Chapter Three: Skin-Damaging Agents

Lewisite
Phosgene Oxime
Mustards
Chapter Four: Toxins
Ricin
Trichothecene Mycotoxins
Aflatoxins
Chapter Five: Nerve Agents
History
Weaponization
Relevance to the Gulf War
Chemical Characteristics
Related Chemicals
Detection
Military Systems
Tissues
Environmental Effects and Persistence
Toxicology and Toxicokinetics
Reasons for Considering Organophosphate Pesticide Effects
Non-AChE Effects
Mechanism of Action--Acute Effects
AChE Inhibitors
Pretreatments and Treatments for Nerve Agent Poisoning
Entry and Fate
Exposure-Effect Relationships
Clinical Findings
Clinical Aspects of Exposure
Summary of Acute Effects
Longer-Term Effects (Four Months or More)
"Unrecognized" Exposures
Pathology and Pathophysiology
Short-Term Exposures and Longer-Term Effects
What to Look for in the Gulf Context
Summary, Analysis, and Comment
Recommendations
Chapter Six: Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
Recommendations
Appendix A: DOSE AND EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATIONS
Appendix B: DATA ON NERVE AGENTS
Appendix C: SURVEY OF C-FOS

Bibliography


A Review of the Scientific Literature as it Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses, Volume 5: Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, William S. Augerson, MR-1018/5-OSD, 2000 Copyright © 2000 RAND

All rights reserved. Permission is given to duplicate this on-line document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes.

Published 2000 by RAND


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