Case Narrative

The Gulf War Air Campaign - Possible Chemical Warfare
Agent Release at Al Muthanna, February 8, 1991

Case Narratives are reports of what we know today about certain events of the 1990-1991 Gulf War. This particular Case Narrative focuses on the Gulf War air campaign. Specifically, this report describes the possible hazard to US forces resulting from Coalition air attacks and destruction of a chemical weapons storage bunker at Al Muthanna, Iraq, on February 8, 1991. This is an interim, not a final, report. We hope that you will read this and contact us with any information that would help us better understand the events reported here. With your help, we will be able to report more accurately on the events surrounding the incident reported in this narrative. Please contact my office to report any new information by calling:

1-800-497-6261

Dale A. Vesser
Acting Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses
Medical Readiness, and Military Deployments
Department of Defense

2000188-0000001 Ver. 1.0

Last Update: March 19, 2001

Many veterans of the Gulf War have expressed concern their unexplained illnesses may result from their experiences in that war. In response to veterans’ concerns, the Department of Defense established a task force in June 1995 to investigate incidents and circumstances relating to possible causes. The Office of the Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Gulf War Illnesses assumed responsibility for these investigations on November 12, 1996, and continued to investigate reports of chemical warfare agent incidents. Effective July 26, 2000, this office became the Office of the Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Gulf War Illnesses, Medical Readiness, and Military Deployments, with continued responsibility for Gulf War issues.

To inform the public about the progress of these efforts, the Department of Defense publishes on the Internet and elsewhere accounts that may contribute to the discussion of possible causes of illnesses of Gulf War veterans, along with documentary evidence or personal testimony used in compiling the accounts. This narrative is such an account.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY
 
II. SUMMARY
 
III. NARRATIVE
A. Background
1. The Al Muthanna Site
2. Al Muthanna’s Role in Iraq’s Chemical Warfare Infrastructure
3. Iraq’s Declarations and US Intelligence Estimates
B. The Air Campaign Against Al Muthanna
1. The Weapons Systems
2. Strikes Against Al Muthanna
3. Bomb Damage Assessment
4. UNSCOM information on Bunker
C. Analyzing the Health Risks from the Al Muthanna Attacks
1. Research
2. Modeling
3. Results
 
IV. ASSESSMENT
 
V. LESSONS LEARNED
A. Weather
B. Bomb Damage Assessment
C. Operations Records
 
TAB A - Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary
 
TAB B - Units Involved
 
TAB C - Bibliography
 
TAB D - Methodology for Chemical Incident Investigation
 
TAB E - Methodology for Modeling a Possible Chemical Warfare Agent Release used by the Office of the Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses
 
TAB F - The Air Campaign Against Al Muthanna

END NOTES


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