END NOTES

Introduction

[1] United States, Department of the Army, Field Manual 100-5, Operations (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army, August 1982), 7-13;joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine: Military and Historical Experience. 1915-1991, (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 142-143.

[2] Congressional Record, 103d Congress, Second Session, Vol. 140, No. 30, "Senator Shelby's Conclusions on the Persian Gulf Syndrome (March 17, 1994),S3098-S3106;

[3] DAAA I 5-90-R-0020, Appendix 2, "Revised Joint Service Operational Requirement (JSOR) for an Advanced Chemical Agent Detector/Alarm (ACADA), 85.

[4] According to the manufacturer of the M8Al Automatic Chemical Detection Alarm "the G-Agent sensitivity requirement is that the alarm must sound within 2 minutes when exposed to 0. 1 milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3)." The M8A I alarm does not detect chemical blister agents.

This information was confirmed by the U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command, Edgewood, Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010. According to the U.S. Army the sensitivity capacity for the M43A1 detector unit (detection component of the M8A1 alarm) is:

	GA, GB, GD	- 0.1 - 0.2 mg/m3
	VX	-0.4 mg/m3

The required response time for these levels is 10 minutes, however actual performance is a response time of approximately 2 minutes to detect at these levels. The capability and specifications of this unit are classified.

[5] Constance M. Pechura and David P. Rall, eds., Veterans at Risk the Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite, (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1993), 8.

[6] Senator John G. Tower, "The Politics of Chemical Deterrence," The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 2, (spring 1982).

[7] For further information see the following General Accounting Office (GAO) reports:

Chemical Warfare: Soldiers Inadequately Equipped and Trained to Conduct Chemical Operations, GAO/NSIAD-91-197 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, May 1991).

Operation Desert Storm: DOD Met Need for Chemical Suits and Masks, but Longer Term Action Needed, GAO/NSIAD-92-116 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, April 7, 1992).

Operation Desert Storm: Army Not Adequately Prepared to Deal with Depleted Uranium Contamination, GAO/NSIAD-93-90 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, January 29, 1993).

Operation Desert Storm: Problems with Air Force Medical Readiness, GAO/NSIAD-94-58, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, December30, 1993).

Operation Desert Storm: Army Medical Supply Issues, GAO/NSIAD-93-206, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, August 11, 1993).

Operation Desert Storm: Improvements Required in the Navy's Wartime Medical Care Program, GAO/NSIAD-93-189 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, July 28, 1993).

Operation Desert Storm: Full Army Medical Capability not Achieved, GAO/NSIAD-92-175
(Washington, DC.: Government Printing Office, August 18, 1992; GAO/NSIAD-92-8
(Washington, D.C.: Governent Printing Office, February 5, 1992.

[8] See "United States Export Policy Toward Iraq Prior to Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait," Senate Report 102-996, Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs, 102d Congress, Second Session (October 27, 1992).

Chapter 1

[1] Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, "Chemical Weapons In The Third World," 2 ' "Iraq's Expanding Chemical Arsenal," House Republican Research Committee, U.S. House of Representatives (May29, 1990), 9-10; Anthony H. Cordesman, After the Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East (Boulder and San Francisco: Westview Press, 1993), 497-498.

[2] Anthony H. Cordesman, After the Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East (Boulder and San Francisco: Westview Press, 1993), 498, 546. According to Cordesman, some of these reports may be exaggerated. "There is no question that Falluja had large scale facilities, but some of these facilities seem to produce nothing but the precursor chemicals for sarin, like phosphorous oxychloride and phosphorous trichloride. Falluja had been concentrating on the production of precursors." For additional views, see Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, "Chemical Weapons In The Third World," 2; "Iraq's Expanding Chemical Arsenal," House Republican Research Committee, U.S. House of Representatives (May 29, 1990), 8.

[3] Peter Dunn, "The Chemical War: Journey to Iran," NBC Defense and Technology International pp. 28-37; W.Seth Carus, The Genie Unleashed: Iraq's Chemical and Biological Weapons Production, (Washington: Washington Institute Policy Papers, No. 14) 22-23; Foreign Report (March 31, 1998), 12; Jane's Defense Weekly (January 9, 1998), 3; Jane's Defense Weekly (February 27, 1988), 336; Anthony H. Cordesman, After the Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East (Boulder and San Francisco: Westview Press, 1993) 498,- 546.

[4] Michael Eisenstadt, The Sword of the Arabs: Iraq’s Strategic Weapons (Washington: Washington Institute Policy Papers, No. 21, September 1990), 7; Seth Carus, "Chemical Weapons in the Middle East," Policy Focus. No. 9 Washington Institute for Near East Policy (December 1998), 4; "Iraq's Scare Tactic," Newsweek (August 2, 1982);"In Mideast, Warfare of a New Nature: Chemical Arms, Ballistic Missiles Mark New Nature of Mideast Warfare," Washington Post (April 5, 1999), At; Dick Palowski, Changes in Threat Air Combat Doctrine and Force Structure, 24th Edition (Fort Worth: General Dynamics DWIC-91, February 1992), 11-325, 11-334; Jane's Soviet Intelligence Review (June 1989), 256; Foreign Report (March 31, 1988), 1; New York Times (November 12, 1991; as cited in Anthony H. Cordesman, After the Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East (Boulder and San Francisco: Westview Press, 1993), 499, 547;

[5] Frank J. Prial, "UN Team Finds Chemical Arms Four Times Greater Than Iraq Claims," New York Times (July 31, 1991). A1.

[6] Duncan Lennox, Jane's :Strategic Weapons Systems (Surrey, UX.: Jane's Information Group, 1990); George Lardner, Jr., "No Iraq Move Seen Until Attack Near: CIA Expects Saddam to Extend Crisis," Washington Post (December 15, 1990), A1.

[7] Ibid.

[8] Rick Atkinson, "No Chemical Arms Found on Battlefield: U.S. Says Iraqi Logistics Failed," Washington Post (March 7, 1991), Al.

[9] No Iraqi Chemical Munitions Have Turned Up So Far," United Press International (March 2, 1991), BC Cycle.

[10] Staff Interviews.

[11] Staff Interviews.

[12] Staff Interviews.

[13] Colin Nickerson, "War Diary: From Chaos and Fear, A Victory, “ The Boston Globe, (March 3, 1991), 1.

[14] The Associated Press, (February 24, 1991), Sunday, BC cycle; David Evans, William Neikirk, David Elsner, Linnet Myers, 'U.S. Tanks vs. Desert Sand First Priority: Breach Iraqi Minefields," Chicago Tribune (December 15, 1991), A3.

[15] "USA TODAY (March 1, 1991), 3A; "War Log," Gannett Company, Inc., International Edition (March 1, 1991), A3.

[16] James Adams and Andrew Alderson, Strategic View from the Saddam Bunker, The Times Newspapers, Ltd., (February 2, 1991); "British Paper Sass Saddam Hussein Approved the Use of Chemical Weapons," Reuters, (February 2, 1991), A.M. Cycle.

[17] Jesse Birnbaum, "The Prisoners," Time Magazine (March 4, 1991).

[18] Tom Masland and Douglas Walker, "Are We Ready for Chemical War," Newsweek (March 4, 1991).

[19] John Fullerton, "Britain's Phantom Army Helped Defeat Iraq, Reuters (March 2, 1991).

[20] New Method Found to Destroy Iraqi Poison Gas Shells," Xinhua News Service, Item No. 0320210, Cairo, Egypt (March 20, 1993); Brent Sadler, "UN and Iraqi Teams Work to Destroy Chemical Weapons," Cable News Network Transcript #133-5 (October 9, 1992).

Note: A Scud warhead should be able to hold much more than 5 gallons of agent. Additional information is being sought regarding the configuration of these warheads.

[21] B.Gen Walter Busbee, in oral remarks at The Chemical Weapons Convention Seminar Series, hosted by The Henry L. Stimson Center (May12, 1994).

[22] New Method Found to Destroy Iraqi Poison Gas Shells," Xinhua News Agency (March 20, 1993); "United Nations Destroying Iraqi Nerve Gas Stockpiles," Associated Press (September 24, 1992); Judith Perera, "Iraq: Chemical Weapons Program Disabled, Say UN Inspectors," Inter Press Service (SeptembeT29, 1992).

[23] Victoria Graham, "Chemical Weapons Destruction Team Resumes Work," Associated Press (January 23, 1993) A.M. Cycle.

[24] Staff interview, February 22, 1994.

[25] Bill Gertz, "Biological Arms Elude Inspectors," Washington Times (April 21, 1992), Al; Staff interviews UNSCOM.

[26] JPRS-TAC-94-003 (March 7, 1994), Citing the (Clandestine) Voice of the Iraqi People in Arabic, 1400 GMT, 13 Feb 94.

[27] Interview with Dr. Sanford Leffingwell, Center for Disease Control on September 3, 1993. Dr. Leffingwell advised that Soviet Chemical Warfare Doctrine recommends the use of mixed agents in chemical warfare attacks (using several canisters of agents); Anthony H.' Cordesman, After the Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East (Boulder and San Francisco: Westview Press, 1993), 499, 547; Jane's Defense Weekly (January 9, 1988); Jane's Defense Weekly (January 28, 1989); Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 'Chemical Weapons In The Third World," 2; "Iraq's Expanding Chemical Arsenal," House Republican Research Committee, U.S. House of Representatives (May 29, 1990),10.

[28] Ibid.

[29] Ibid.

[30] H. Kadivar and S.C. Adams, "Treatment of Chemical and Biological Warfare Injuries; Insights Derived From the 1984 Attack on Majnoon Island," Military Medicine (April 1991), 171-7.

[31] United States, Department of the Army, Field Manual 100-5, Operations (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army, August 1982), 7-13joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine: Military and Historical Experience. 1915-1991. (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 142-143.

[32] Ibid.

[33] Joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine Military and Historical Experience 1915-1991 (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992),208-9;V.V.Miasnikov, Defense Against Weapons of Mass-Destruction A Guide (Moscow: Voyenizdat, 1984), 78; James Compton, Military Chemical and Biological Agents: Chemical and Toxicological Properties (Caldwell, NJ: The Telford Press, September 1997), 146, 153.

[34] William Booth, "Gas Masks, Antidote Cause Three Deaths and Illness in Israel," Washington Post (January 19, 1991) A20.

[35] Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Soman (GD), Sarin (GB) and VX, prepared by the U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland. (See appendix A).

[36] DAAA I 5-90-R-0020, Appendix 2, "Revised Joint Service Operational Requirement (JSOR) for an Advanced Chemical Agent Detector/Alarm (ACADA), 85.

[37] According to the manufacturer of the M8AI Automatic Chemical Detection Alarm "the G-Agent sensitivity requirement is that the alarm must sound within 2 minutes when exposed to 0. 1 milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3)." The M8A I alarm does not detect chemical blister agents.

[38] Joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine 7Military and Historical Experience- 1915-1991 (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 208); James A.F. Compton, Military Chemical and Biological Agents Chemical and Toxicological Properties (Caldwell, NJ: The Telford Press, September 1987); Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Soman (GD), Sarin (GB) and VX, prepared by the U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland. (See appendix A).

[39] Joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine Military and Historical experience. 1915-1991, (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 209.

[40] Ibid., 209.

[41] Ibid., 210.

[42] Ibib 205.

[43] Interview with Dr. Sanford Leffingwell, Center for Disease Control on September 3, 1993.

[44] Joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine: Military and Historical Experience- 1915-1991, (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 202; V.V. Miasnikov, Defense Against Weapons of Mass-Destruction: A Guide (Moscow: Voyenizdat, 1984, 82-83).

[45] Joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine: Military and Historical Experience, 1915-1991, (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 205; V.V. Miasnikov, Defense Against Weapons of Mass-Destruction A Guide (Moscow: Voyenizdat, 1984, 82; Vladimir K. Pikalov, "Toxic Agents," The Soviet Military Encyclopedia, Volume 6 (Moscow: Voyenizdat, 1978).

[46] This information was provided by the U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command, Edgewood, Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010. According to the U.S. Army the sensitivity capacity for the M256AI detector kit is:

The required response time for these levels is 15 minutes. The capability and specifications of this unit are not classified.

[47] Vladimir K. Pikalov, "Toxic Agents," The Soviet Military encyclopedia. Volume 6 (Moscow: Voyenizdat, 1978); Joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Docnine7 Military and Historical Experience. 1915-1991 (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 206-7.

[48] Staff Interviews, April 19, 1994.

[49] Joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine Military and Historical Experience. 1915-1991, (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 162, 209.

[50] Staff interview, February 22, 1994.

[51] Ibid.

[52] Bill Richardson, John Carrico, Col. Frank J. Cox, LTC Jeffery Thomas, and Richard Sanders, Chemical/Biological Program: A Department of Defense Perspective Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy, presented as a paper to the Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Symposium of the American Defense Preparedness Association, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina (May12-14, 1993), 10.

[53] Staff Interview, UNSCOM, February 22, 1994.

[54] "Iraq Launches Drive to Combat increasing Communicable Diseases," Xinhua News Agency (June 8, 1993), Item No: 0608002; "Iraq Faces Health Crisis," The Guardian (September 13, 1993), 7.

[55] Department of Defense, Conduct of the Persian Gulf War Final Report to Congress (April 1992).

[56] Terry J. Gander, ed., Jane's NBC Protection Equipment 1991-92, (Surrey, U.K.: Jane's Information Group, 1992), 3-12: Dorland's Pocket Medical Dictionary, 24th Edition (Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1999); James A.F. Compton, Military Chemical and Biological Agents: Chemical and Toxicological Properties (Caldwell, NJ: The Telford Press, September 1987).

[57] American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland (January 21, 1994).

[58] Memorandum from Director of the Centers for Disease Control to Chairman Riegle.

[59] Staff interview, UNSCOM February 22, 1994.

[60] Nuclear and Chemical Operations, MCI 7711 B, Marine Corps Institute, Command and Staff College's nonresident program (Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., 1983), p. 8, section 1501.

[61] Ibid.

[62] Ibid, p. 9, section 1502.

[63] Ibid. p. 9, section 1502a.

[64] Ibid., p. 9, Section 1502b.

[65] Ibid., p. 9, Section 1502c.

[66] Ibid., p. 9, Section 1502d.

[67] Ibid., p. 9, Section 1503a

[68] Ibid., p. 9, Section 1503b.

[69] Ibid., p. 9, Section 1503c.

[70] Ibid, p. 10, Section 1504.

[71] Ibid, p. 10, Section 1504a.

[72] Ibid, p. 10, Section 1504b.

[73] Steven R. Bowman, Congressional Research Service Issue Brief Chemical Weapons Proliferation; Issues for Congress. IB90084 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Foreign Affairs and Defense Division, Updated August 17, 1993) 2.

[74] Washington Dateline: Group Offers Evidence Iraq Used Poison Gas Against Own People," Associated Press (April 29, 1993), PM Cycle; Deborah Zabarenko, "Scientists: Lab Shows Iraq Used Poison Gas on Kurds," Reuters (April 29, 1993), BC Cycle.

[75] Ibid.

[76] Ibid.

[77] British Lab Shows Iraq Used Poison Gas on Kurds," Associated Press, Press Newsfile (April 29, 1993).

[78] Patricia Dibsie, "Kurds Demonstrate in Memory of 5,000 Killed by Iraqi Weapons," San Diego Union Tribune, (March 18, 1994).

[79] Iraq Sass it Has Launched a New Offensive Against Iran," Reuters (May28, 1989), P.M. Cycle.

[80] Chris Hedges, "In a Remote Southern Marsh, Iraq is Strangling the Shiites," New York Times (November 16, 1993), Al.

[81] Ibid.

[82] Ibid.

[83] Thomas Hargrove, "Doctors Say Gulf War Vets Gasses: Biological Weapons Believed Responsible for Mysterious Ailments of Returned U.S. Troops," San Francisco Examiner (November 17, 1993), A7;FL Kadivar and S.C. Adams, "Treatment of Chemical and Biological Warfare Injuries; Insights Derived From the 1984 Attack on Majnoon Island," Military Medicine, (April 1991), 171-7; A. Heyndrickx, "Chemical Warfare Injuries," The Lancet, Vol. 337 (February 16, 1991)..

[84] Tony Walker, "The Gulf Cease-fire; Formal Cease-fire Talks to Begin Soon -- Victors Will Meet Vanquished Amid Claims of Truce Violations, Financial Times, (March 2, 1991).

[85] Ann Deuroy and Guy Gugliotta, "Bush to Move Fast on Mideast Peace; Cease-fire Talks Delayed by 'Technical Detail'," Washington Post (March 2, 1991), Al.

[86] Federal News Service, Department of Defense Regular Briefing (March 4, 1991).

Chapter 2

[1] Testimony before the Senate Committee on Armed Services, Subcommittee on Force Structure and Personnel (June 30, 1993).

[2] Ibid.

[3] Battle Assessment Documentation of the 6th Marine Regiment, Operation Desert. Storm.

[4] John Harwood and David Dahl, "Allies Overrun Iraqis; Capture Thousands," Times Publishing Company, St. Petersburg Times, (February 25, 1991). IA.

[5] "British Report Finding Iraqi Chemical mines," Reuters (February 28, 1991), BC Cycle.

Chapter 3

[1] United States, Department of the Army, Field Manual 100-5, Operations (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army, August 1982), 7-13; joachim Krause and Charles K. Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine7 Military and History Experience. 1915-1991, (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992), 142-143.

[2] Ibid.

[3] Interviews with representatives of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.

[4] Stephen Handelman, "Kremlin Growing Frustrated with Outsider," Toronto Star (February 10, 1991), H4.

[5] "Chemical Fallout Detected in Iraq," Xinhua General Overseas News Service (February 4, 1991).

[6] Dave Parks, "Czechs: Nerve Gas Detected During Gulf War," The Times Picayune (July 30, 1993), A6; Stanislav Mundil, Czech News Agency and Mlada Fronta Dnes (July 29, 1993).

[7] " Senator Says France Detected Chemical Agents in Gulf War: Report," Dateline: Birmingham, Agency France Presse (December 5, 1993); "France Says Gulf Troops Detected Chemicals," The Washington Post, from the Associated Press (December 5, 1993), A24.

[8] Sam Donaldson, "This Week With David Brinkley," ABC News (January 27, 1991).

[9] Telephone interview of Brian Martin by Committee staff on August 31, 1993.

[10] Staff interviews.

[11] Staff Interviews.

[12] Ronald A. Taylor, "Air Masses Battle Over Desert Also," Washington Times (January 24, 1991); "Skies Could Clear in Gulf by Sunday," Reutersn (January 25, 1991).

[13] U.S. Air Force, ETAC, Gulf War Weather (March 1992), 3-53.

Chapter 4

[1] For a detailed discussion of the investigation into the adverse effects of these drugs see Preliminary Staff Findings: Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans' Health? Lessens from the Persian Gulf. U.S. Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs staff report to Chairman Jay Rockefeller (May 6, 1994).

[2] Patrick Cockburn, "Gulf War Guinea Pigs Tell Senate of Mystery Illness; Experts Point to Experimental Drugs Given to Troops in Case of Gas Attack," The Independent (July 2, 1993), 13; Brian Christie, "Viewers Question Experts About Vets with Gulf War Illness," Cable News Network Transcript #267-2 (June 10, 1993).

[3] Staff interview with General Blanck.

[4] Committee staff interviews with the Michigan Department of Public Health.

[5] Dr. Edward Martin, Principal Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs (Acting), "Military Use of Investigational Medical Products," Statement before the Senate Committee of Veterans' Affairs (May06, 1994).

[6] Patrick Cockburn, "Gulf War Guinea Pigs Tell Senate of Mystery Illness; Experts Point to Experimental Drugs Given to Troops in Case of Gas Attack," The Independent (July 2, 1993), 13

[7] Ibid.

[8] Staff Interviews.

[9] Williarn Booth, "Gas Masks, Antidote Cause Three Deaths and Illness in Israel," Washington Post (January 19, 1991) A20.

[10] Col. Michael A. Dunn, MC, USA, and Frederick R. Sidell, "Progress in Medical Defense Against Nerve Agents," Journal of the American Medical Association (August 4, 1989), 649-652.

[11] Banking Committee staff interview with Dr. James Moss, U.S. Department of Agriculture, March 1994. See also Preliminary Staff findings: Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans' Health? Lessens from the Persian Gulf. U.S. Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs staff report to Chairman Jay Rockefeller (May 6,1994).

[12] Staff interviews.

[13] Joe Schrantz, "Excitement Stirs in Aerospace/Military Coatings," Industrial Finishings Vol. 65, No. 9 (September 1989), 18.

[14] Ibid.

[15] James Mathews. "Radioactive Bullets Raise Cancer Fears, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 85 (July 7, 1993). 1029-1030

[16] Ibid.

[17] Ibid.

[18] Staff interviews.

[19] Staff interviews.

[20] Ron Martz, "Mississippi Vets Blaine Gulf War for Sick Kids," The Atlanta Journal and Constitution (January 22, 1994), A5; Simon Tisdale, "Gulf Babies Maimed at Birth," The Guardian (December 23, 1993), 1; Ed Timms and Steve McGonigle, "Gulf Unit Cites Babies' Illnesses at Meeting," The Dallas Morning Non (November 23, 1993), 4A; Ed Timms, "Some Active Duty Troops are Suffering in Silence,," The Dallas Morning News (November 14, 1993), 15A; Richard Serrano, "Pentagon Feels Heat Over Gulf War Disease," Chicago Sun Times (November 7, 1993), 28.

[21] Lloyd D. Partridge and L. Donald Partridge, The Nervous System Its Function and Interaction with the World (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1993).

[22] Interview with Dr. Howard Hu, Physicians for Human Rights on August 25, 1993.

[23] Lloyd D. Partridge and L. Donald Partridge, The Nervous System Its Function and Interaction with the World (Cambridge, Massachusetts: NUT Press, 1993).

[24] Ibid.

[25] Ibid.

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